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Summary

Romans 9:1–5 – Paul’s sorrow for Israel

What happens: Paul speaks with deep sorrow for his fellow Israelites. He lists their privileges: adoption, glory, covenants, law, worship, promises, patriarchs, and from them comes the Messiah according to the flesh, who is God over all.

What it means: Israel’s story shows great grace and responsibility. God’s gifts are real, yet many still miss Christ. Paul’s grief reflects God’s heart for his people, showing love, covenant, and the honor of Jesus as Lord.


Romans 9:6–13 – God’s purpose in election

What happens: Paul says God’s word has not failed, because not all who are from Israel are true Israel. God chooses Isaac over Ishmael and Jacob over Esau before they are born, so that his purpose of election stands, not because of works but because of him who calls.

What it means: Salvation rests on God’s faithful choice, not human effort. God’s freedom to call shows his sovereignty and mercy. The covenant line advances by promise, pointing to grace as the ground of hope.


Romans 9:14–18 – Mercy and hardening

What happens: Paul asks if God is unjust and answers no. God declares he will have mercy on whom he has mercy. He raised Pharaoh to show his power and make his name known. Therefore God has mercy on whom he wills and hardens whom he wills.

What it means: God owes mercy to no one, yet he freely gives it. Justice belongs to God, and his actions magnify his name. This humbles human pride and highlights God’s holy freedom.


Romans 9:19–24 – The potter and the clay

What happens: Paul answers the complaint, “Why does he still find fault?” He says humans are clay and God is the potter. God endures vessels of wrath and makes known the riches of his glory for vessels of mercy prepared for glory, from Jews and Gentiles.

What it means: God is Creator and has the right to rule. His patience and mercy reveal his character. Judgment and salvation both display his holiness, justice, and compassion.


Romans 9:25–29 – Prophets foretell a remnant

What happens: Paul quotes Hosea and Isaiah to show Gentiles are called “my people” and only a remnant of Israel is saved. If the Lord had not left offspring, Israel would be like Sodom and Gomorrah.

What it means: God’s plan always included the nations and a faithful remnant. Salvation is by grace, not national status. God keeps a people for himself to uphold his promise.


Romans 9:30–33 – Stumbling over Christ

What happens: Gentiles who do not pursue righteousness attain it by faith. Israel, seeking a law of righteousness, does not attain it because they seek it by works. They stumble over the stone, Christ, yet whoever believes in him will not be put to shame.

What it means: Faith in Christ is the way to righteousness. Human striving cannot replace trust. God offers a sure foundation in Jesus, revealing grace and the call to believe.


Application

  • Grieve in prayer for those who have spiritual privilege yet reject Christ.
  • Rest in God’s sovereign mercy rather than your performance.
  • Refuse to stumble over Christ; trust him as the sure foundation.
  • Praise God for calling people from every nation into his family.

Bible

1I say the truth in Christ, I lie not, my conscience also bearing me witness in the Holy Ghost,

2That I have great heaviness and continual sorrow in my heart.

3For I could wish that myself were accursed from Christ for my brethren, my kinsmen according to the flesh:

4Who are Israelites; to whom pertaineth the adoption, and the glory, and the covenants, and the giving of the law, and the service of God, and the promises;

5Whose are the fathers, and of whom as concerning the flesh Christ came, who is over all, God blessed for ever. Amen.

6Not as though the word of God hath taken none effect. For they are not all Israel, which are of Israel:

7Neither, because they are the seed of Abraham, are they all children: but, In Isaac shall thy seed be called.

8That is, They which are the children of the flesh, these are not the children of God: but the children of the promise are counted for the seed.

9For this is the word of promise, At this time will I come, and Sarah shall have a son.

10And not only this; but when Rebecca also had conceived by one, even by our father Isaac;

11(For the children being not yet born, neither having done any good or evil, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works, but of him that calleth;)

12It was said unto her, The elder shall serve the younger.

13As it is written, Jacob have I loved, but Esau have I hated.

14What shall we say then? Is there unrighteousness with God? God forbid.

15For he saith to Moses, I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion.

16So then it is not of him that willeth, nor of him that runneth, but of God that sheweth mercy.

17For the scripture saith unto Pharaoh, Even for this same purpose have I raised thee up, that I might shew my power in thee, and that my name might be declared throughout all the earth.

18Therefore hath he mercy on whom he will have mercy, and whom he will he hardeneth.

19Thou wilt say then unto me, Why doth he yet find fault? For who hath resisted his will?

20Nay but, O man, who art thou that repliest against God? Shall the thing formed say to him that formed it, Why hast thou made me thus?

21Hath not the potter power over the clay, of the same lump to make one vessel unto honour, and another unto dishonour?

22What if God, willing to shew his wrath, and to make his power known, endured with much longsuffering the vessels of wrath fitted to destruction:

23And that he might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy, which he had afore prepared unto glory,

24Even us, whom he hath called, not of the Jews only, but also of the Gentiles?

25As he saith also in Osee, I will call them my people, which were not my people; and her beloved, which was not beloved.

26And it shall come to pass, that in the place where it was said unto them, Ye are not my people; there shall they be called the children of the living God.

27Esaias also crieth concerning Israel, Though the number of the children of Israel be as the sand of the sea, a remnant shall be saved:

28For he will finish the work, and cut it short in righteousness: because a short work will the Lord make upon the earth.

29And as Esaias said before, Except the Lord of Sabaoth had left us a seed, we had been as Sodoma, and been made like unto Gomorrha.

30What shall we say then? That the Gentiles, which followed not after righteousness, have attained to righteousness, even the righteousness which is of faith.

31But Israel, which followed after the law of righteousness, hath not attained to the law of righteousness.

32Wherefore? Because they sought it not by faith, but as it were by the works of the law. For they stumbled at that stumblingstone;

33As it is written, Behold, I lay in Sion a stumblingstone and rock of offence: and whosoever believeth on him shall not be ashamed.

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